What is contagious equine metritis?
Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a transmissible venereal disease in horses, caused by a bacterium called Taylorella equigenitalis. CEM is highly contagious and can have a devastating effect on equine reproductive activity. This disease occurs naturally only in horses, and all breeds are susceptible.
Where is CEM found?
This disease was first described in Newmarket, United Kingdom, in 1977. Today, it exists primarily in non-thoroughbred populations throughout the world. Cases are occasionally detected in mares and stallions imported from other countries into Canada.
How is CEM transmitted and spread?
The disease is primarily spread during natural breeding. Infected stallions tend to be the major source of infection, as they can harbour the disease for years without showing any clinical signs.
CEM can be transmitted indirectly to mares and stallions via contaminated instruments and equipment such as tail bandages, buckets, sponges and gloves. The bacteria can also be transmitted via artificial insemination. It is advisable to maintain strict hygiene when handling breeding mares and stallions to prevent disease transmission.
Is CEM a risk to human health?
There is no human health risk associated with CEM.
What are the clinical signs of CEM?
Stallions do not usually show any clinical signs of infection. However, the infected stallion remains capable of transmitting disease.
In mares, initial exposure to the disease usually results in a large amount of vaginal discharge 12 to 14 days following natural breeding with an infected stallion. The disease can cause infertility and, on the rare occasion, abortion. The severity of disease in mares varies. There are two states of infection:
Active state: The main outward sign is a vaginal discharge which may range from very mild to extremely prolific.
Carrier state: There are no outward signs of infection; however, the mare remains capable of transmitting infection.
How is CEM diagnosed?
CEM is suspected when multiple mares that are bred by the same stallion experience short-term infertility and have vaginal discharge. Diagnosis depends on isolating and identifying the bacteria in a laboratory.
How is CEM treated?
In most cases, CEM can be successfully treated with disinfectants and antibiotics. While one course of treatment may be sufficient in a stallion, it may take several months before the CEM organism can be successfully treated in a mare. Once the organism has been eliminated, the horse may be used for breeding again.
What roles and responsibilities exist to prevent CEM?
Contagious equine metritis is a "reportable disease" under the Health of Animals Act. This means that all suspected cases must be reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for immediate investigation by inspectors.
If CEM is found in Canada, the policy is to eradicate the disease. Eradication involves implementing disease control measures such as quarantines, movement restrictions, testing of exposed horses, and treatment of infected horses.
The CFIA imposes strict regulations on the import of animals and animal products from countries where CEM is known to occur. These regulations are enforced through port-of-entry inspections done either by the Canada Border Services Agency or the CFIA.
Canada is currently assessing the situation in the United States with Government regulatory officials, with a view to adopting additional requirements for imports into Canada, in response to the change in the status of the disease in the United States.
How to get more information?
Contact your Canadian Food Inspection Agency Area Office:
Atlantic Area: 506-851-7400
Quebec Area: 514-283-8888
Ontario Area: 519-837-9400
Western Area: 403-292-4301
You can find your local Canadian Food Inspection Agency District Office on the CFIA Web site or by consulting the blue pages of your local phone directory.
ARTICLE SOURCE :http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/equinmet/equinmetfse.shtml
Monday, January 5, 2009
CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS INVESTIGATION UNDERWAY
OTTAWA, December 24, 2008 - The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has launched an investigation after confirming that horse semen was imported into Canada from a United States stallion subsequently determined to be infected with contagious equine metritis (CEM). There are no human health implications with this disease.
United States officials have confirmed that three stallions on a Kentucky farm tested positive for CEM. Shipments of frozen semen from one of these stallions were sent to Ontario and Alberta in the spring of 2008. CFIA and provincial animal health officials are currently tracing the shipments to identify potentially exposed animals. As a precaution, the CFIA will place these animals under quarantine until they have tested negative for CEM.
CEM is a highly contagious disease that affects the reproductive tract of horses. The disease can cause temporary infertility in mares. In most cases, CEM can be successfully treated with disinfectants and antibiotics. CEM is a reportable disease in Canada. This means that all suspected cases must be reported to the CFIA for immediate investigation by inspectors. There are international trade implications if a country loses its CEM-free status.
Until more information is available from the U.S., the CFIA is recommending that the equine industry and importers in Canada exercise caution and refrain from importing breeding horses, embryos and semen from the U.S.
CEM is primarily spread directly during natural breeding, but can also be transmitted during artificial insemination and through contaminated instruments and equipment, such as tail bandages, buckets, sponges and gloves. Therefore, horse owners and veterinarians should maintain strict hygiene when handling breeding mares and stallions to prevent infection.
Infected stallions tend to be the major source of infection, as they can harbour the disease for years without showing any clinical signs. The primary symptoms of infection in mares are short-term infertility and vaginal discharge, but some mares can also carry the disease without clinical signs. Any horse owner or veterinarian who suspects a horse under their care may be infected with CEM should immediately contact their local CFIA District office (a listing can be found in the blue pages of local phone directories).
The CFIA will continue to work with provincial counterparts, affected producers and the equine industry in this response effort. Additional information will be provided as it becomes available.
More information about CEM is available on the CFIA Web site at www.inspection.gc.ca or by calling 1-800-442-2342.
- 30 -
For information:
Canadian Food Inspection AgencyMedia relations: 613-773-6600
article source :http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/equinmet/20081224inde.shtml
United States officials have confirmed that three stallions on a Kentucky farm tested positive for CEM. Shipments of frozen semen from one of these stallions were sent to Ontario and Alberta in the spring of 2008. CFIA and provincial animal health officials are currently tracing the shipments to identify potentially exposed animals. As a precaution, the CFIA will place these animals under quarantine until they have tested negative for CEM.
CEM is a highly contagious disease that affects the reproductive tract of horses. The disease can cause temporary infertility in mares. In most cases, CEM can be successfully treated with disinfectants and antibiotics. CEM is a reportable disease in Canada. This means that all suspected cases must be reported to the CFIA for immediate investigation by inspectors. There are international trade implications if a country loses its CEM-free status.
Until more information is available from the U.S., the CFIA is recommending that the equine industry and importers in Canada exercise caution and refrain from importing breeding horses, embryos and semen from the U.S.
CEM is primarily spread directly during natural breeding, but can also be transmitted during artificial insemination and through contaminated instruments and equipment, such as tail bandages, buckets, sponges and gloves. Therefore, horse owners and veterinarians should maintain strict hygiene when handling breeding mares and stallions to prevent infection.
Infected stallions tend to be the major source of infection, as they can harbour the disease for years without showing any clinical signs. The primary symptoms of infection in mares are short-term infertility and vaginal discharge, but some mares can also carry the disease without clinical signs. Any horse owner or veterinarian who suspects a horse under their care may be infected with CEM should immediately contact their local CFIA District office (a listing can be found in the blue pages of local phone directories).
The CFIA will continue to work with provincial counterparts, affected producers and the equine industry in this response effort. Additional information will be provided as it becomes available.
More information about CEM is available on the CFIA Web site at www.inspection.gc.ca or by calling 1-800-442-2342.
- 30 -
For information:
Canadian Food Inspection AgencyMedia relations: 613-773-6600
article source :http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/disemala/equinmet/20081224inde.shtml
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